Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/246.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 12.7 KB | 410 lines

@node Geography (Ukraine)
@section Geography (Ukraine)

@display

Location:
  Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia
Map references:
  Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - European States, Europe, Standard
  Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  603,700 km2
 land area:
  603,700 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries:
  total 4,558 km, Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 428
  km, Romania (southwest) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km,
  Slovakia 90 km
Coastline:   2,782 km
Maritime claims:
  NA
International disputes:
  potential border disputes with Moldova and Romania in northern Bukovina and
  southern Odes'ka Oblast'; potential dispute with Moldova over former
  southern Bessarabian areas; has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but
  has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any
  other nation
Climate:
  temperate continental; subtropical only on the southern Crimean coast;
  precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north,
  lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to
  cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the
  country, hot in the south
Terrain:
  most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaux, mountains
  being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula
  in the extreme south
Natural resources:
  iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite,
  titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber
Land use:
 arable land:
  56%
 permanent crops:
  2%
 meadows and pastures:
  12%
 forest and woodland:
  0%
 other:
  30%
Irrigated land:
  26,000 km2 (1990)
Environment:
  air and water pollution, deforestation, radiation contamination around
  Chornobyl' nuclear power plant
Note:
  strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second largest
  country in Europe



@end display

@node People (Ukraine)
@section People (Ukraine)

@display

Population:
  51,821,230 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  0.06% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  12.38 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  12.53 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  0.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  21 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  69.87 years
 male:
  65.32 years
 female:
  74.65 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  1.82 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Ukrainian(s)
 adjective:
  Ukrainian
Ethnic divisions:
  Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%
Religions:
  Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev
  Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate),
  Protestant, Jewish
Languages:
  Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish
Literacy:
  age 9-49 can read and write (1970)
 total population:
  100%
 male:
  100%
 female:
  100%
Labor force:
  25.277 million
 by occupation:
  industry and construction 41%, agriculture and forestry 19%, health,
  education, and culture 18%, trade and distribution 8%, transport and
  communication 7%, other 7% (1990)



@end display

@node Government (Ukraine)
@section Government (Ukraine)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  none
 conventional short form:
  Ukraine
 local long form:
  none
 local short form:
  Ukrayina
 former:
  Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Digraph:
  UP
Type:
  republic
Capital:
  Kiev (Kyyiv)
Administrative divisions:
  24 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtomnaya,   respublika), and 2
municipalites (singular - misto) with oblast status**;,   Chernihivs'ka, Cherkas'ka, Chernivets'ka,
Dnipropetrovs'ka, Donets'ka,
  Ivano-Frankivs'ka, Kharkivs'ka, Khersons'ka, Khmel'nyts'ka, Kirovohrads'ka,
  Kyyiv (Kiev)**, Kyyivs'ka (Kiev), Luhans'ka, L'vivs'ka, Mykolayivs'ka,,   Odes'ka, Poltavs'ka,
Respublika Krym*, Rivnens'ka, Sevastopol'**,Sums'ka,,   Ternopil's'ka, Vinnyts'ka, Volyns'ka,
Zakarpats'ka, Zaporiz'ka, Zhytomyrs'ka
Independence:
  1 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Constitution:
  using 1978 pre-independence constitution; new consitution currently being
  drafted
Legal system:
  based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
National holiday:
  Independence Day, 24 August (1991)
Political parties and leaders:
  Green Party of Ukraine, Vitaliy KONONOV, leader; Liberal Party of Ukraine,
  Ihor MERKULOV, chairman; Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr
  KLYMCHUK, chairman; Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych
  YAVORIVSKIY, chairman; People's Party of Ukraine, Leopol'd TABURYANSKYY,
  chairman; Peasants' Party of Ukraine, Serhiy DOVGRAN', chairman; Party of
  Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine, Volodymyr FILENKO, chairman; Social
  Democratic Party of Ukraine, Yuriy ZBITNEV, chairman; Socialist Party of
  Ukraine, Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman; Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party,
  Vitaliy ZHURAVSKYY, chairman; Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party,
  Stepan KHMARA, chairman; Ukrainian Labor Party, Valentyn LANDIK, chairman;
  Ukrainian Party of Justice, Mykhaylo HRECHKO, chairman; Ukrainian Peasants'
  Democratic Party, Serhiy PLACHINDA, chairman; Ukrainian Republican Party,
  Mykhaylo HORYN', chairman; Ukrainian National Conservative Party, Viktor
  RADIONOV, chairman
Other political or pressure groups:
  Ukrainian People's Movement for Restructuring (Rukh); New Ukraine (Nova
  Ukrayina); Congress of National Democratic Forces
Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal



@end display

@node Government (Ukraine 2. usage)
@section Government (Ukraine 2. usage)

@display

Elections:
 President:
  last held 1 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Leonid
  KRAVCHUK 61.59%, Vyacheslav CHERNOVIL 23.27%, Levko LUKYANENKO 4.49%,
  Volodymyr HRYNYOV 4.17%, Iher YUKHNOVSKY 1.74%, Leopold TABURYANSKYY 0.57%,
  other 4.17%
 Supreme Council:
  last held 4 March 1990 (next scheduled for 1995, may be held earlier in late
  1993); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (450 total) number of
  seats by party NA
Executive branch:
  president, prime minister, cabinet
Legislative branch:
  unicameral Supreme Council
Judicial branch:
  being organized
Leaders:
 Chief of State:
  President Leonid Makarovych KRAVCHUK (since 5 December 1991)
 Head of Government:
  Prime Minister Leonid Danilovych KUCHMA (since 13 October 1992); Acting
  First Deputy Prime Minister Yukhym Leonidovych ZVYAHIL'SKYY (since 11 June
  1993) and five deputy prime ministers
Member of:
  BSEC, CBSS (observer), CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ILO, IMF, INMARSAT,
  IOC, ITU, NACC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNPROFOR, UPU, WHO, WIPO,
  WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Oleh Hryhorovych BILORUS
 chancery:
  3350 M Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20007
 telephone:
  [phone]
 FAX:
  [phone]
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Roman POPADIUK
 embassy:
  10 Vul. Yuria Kotsyubinskovo, 252053 Kiev 53
 mailing address:
  APO AE 09862
 telephone:
  [7] [phone]
 FAX:
  [7] [phone]
Flag:
  two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent
  grainfields under a blue sky



@end display

@node Economy (Ukraine)
@section Economy (Ukraine)

@display

Overview:
  After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important
  economic component of the former Soviet Union producing more than three
  times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil
  generated more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms
  provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain and vegetables to other
  republics. Likewise, its well-developed and diversified heavy industry
  supplied equipment and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other
  regions of the former USSR. In 1992 the Ukrainian government liberalized
  most prices and erected a legal framework for privatizing state enterprises
  while retaining many central economic controls and continuing subsidies to
  state production enterprises. In November 1992 the new Prime Minister KUCHMA
  launched a new economic reform program promising more freedom to the
  agricultural sector, faster privatization of small and medium enterprises,
  and stricter control over state subsidies. Even so, the magnitude of the
  problems and the slow pace in building new market-oriented institutions
  preclude a near-term recovery of output to the 1990 level.
National product:
  GDP $NA
National product real growth rate:
  -13% (1992 est.)
National product per capita:
  $NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  20%-30% per month (first quarter 1993)
Unemployment rate:
  NA%
Budget:
  revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
  $13.5 billion to outside of the successor states of the former USSR (1990)
 commodities:
  coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery
  and transport equipment, grain, meat
 partners:
  NA
Imports:
  $16.7 billion from outside of the successor states of the former USSR (1990)
 commodities:
  machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles
 partners:
  NA
External debt:
  $12 billion (1992 est.)
Industrial production:
  growth rate -9% (1992)
Electricity:
  55,882,000 kW capacity; 281,000 million kWh produced, 5,410 kWh per capita
  (1992)
Industries:
  coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport
  equipment, chemicals, food-processing (especially sugar)
Agriculture:
  grain, vegetables, meat, milk, sugar beets
Illicit drugs:
  illicit producer of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption; limited
  government eradication program; used as transshipment points for illicit
  drugs to Western Europe



@end display

@node Economy (Ukraine 2. usage)
@section Economy (Ukraine 2. usage)

@display

Economic aid:
  $NA
Currency:
  Ukraine withdrew the Russian ruble from circulation on 12 November 1992 and
  declared the karbovanets (plural karbovantsi) sole legal tender in Ukrainian
  markets; Ukrainian officials claim this is an interim move toward
  introducing a new currency - the hryvnya - possibly in late 1993
Exchange rates:
  Ukrainian karbovantsi per $US1 - 3,000 (1 April 1993)
Fiscal year:
  calendar year



@end display

@node Communications (Ukraine)
@section Communications (Ukraine)

@display

Railroads:
  22,800 km; does not include industrial lines (1990)
Highways:
  273,700 km total (1990); 236,400 km hard surfaced, 37,300 km earth
Inland waterways:
  1,672 km perennially navigable (Pripyat and Dnipro River)
Pipelines:
  crude oil 2,010 km, petroleum products 1,920 km, natural gas 7,800 km (1992)
Ports:
  coastal - Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol' (formerly
  Zhdanov), Mykolayiv, Odesa, Sevastopol', Pirdenne; inland - Kiev (Kyyiv)
Merchant marine:
  394 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,952,328 GRT/5,262,161 DWT; includes
  234 cargo, 18 container, 7 barge carriers, 55 bulk cargo, 10 oil tanker, 2
  chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 12 passenger, 5 passenger cargo, 9
  short-sea passenger, 33 roll-on/roll-off, 2 railcar carrier, 1
  multi-function-large-load-carrier, 5 refrigerated cargo
Airports:
 total:
  694
 useable:
  100
 with permanent-surface runways:
  111
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  3
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  81
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  78
Telecommunications:
  international electronic mail system established in Kiev; Ukraine has about
  7 million telephone lines (135 telephones for each 1000 persons); as of
  mid-1992, 650 telephone lines per 1000 persons in Kiev with 15-20 digital
  switches as of mid-1991; NMT-450 analog cellular network under construction
  in Kiev; 3.56 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied as
  of January 1990; international calls can be made via satellite, by landline
  to other CIS countries, and through the Moscow international switching
  center on 150 international lines; satellite earth stations employ INTELSAT,
  INMARSAT, and Intersputnik; fiber optic cable installation (intercity)
  remains incomplete; new international digital telephone exchange operational
  in Kiev for direct communication with 167 countries



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Ukraine)
@section Defense Forces (Ukraine)

@display

Branches:
  Army, Navy, Airspace Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and
  border troops), National Guard
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 12,070,775; fit for military service 9,521,697; reach
  military age (18) annually 365,534 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  544,256 million karbovantsi, NA% of GDP (forecast for 1993); note -
  conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange
  rate could produce misleading results



@end display